Role of Self-help Groups (SHGs) in Enhancing Incomes of Rural Women in J&K, India

Shamim Ahemad

Govt. SPMR College of Commerce, Cluster University of Jammu, India.

Om Raj Katoch *

Department of Economics, Govt. Degree College Batote, Affiliated to University of Jammu, India.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.


Abstract

Women are the most vulnerable section of our society and their agony in Jammu and Kashmir is more intensified during the last three decades due to prevailing militancy. They work round the clock but lack decision making powers in household affairs as well as in the society. The central and state government has launched several schemes for women empowerment and National Rural Livelihood Mission is one among them. Under this self-employment scheme, the rural women are organized in Self Help Groups (SHGs) and are provided funds for their upliftment. To understand the success in the performance of Jammu & Kashmir Rural Livelihood Mission (JKSRLM) in terms of enhancing income of the women, a total of 80 beneficiaries selected through multi-stage sampling were interviewed by giving equal weightage to two districts of Doda and Jammu respectively. The results reflected that SHGs have played a significant role in the life of rural women in terms of enhancing income and employment. The JKSRLM is a great tool for concerted efforts to improve the economic conditions of the people, and the importance of education must not be overstated, since it influences the choices women and girls make about employment and income generation increasingly.

Keywords: Self help groups, income level, women beneficiaries, JKSRLM, variations


How to Cite

Ahemad, S., & Katoch, O. R. (2022). Role of Self-help Groups (SHGs) in Enhancing Incomes of Rural Women in J&K, India. South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics, 16(1), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2022/v16i1602


References

Akwara AF et al. Unemployment and poverty: Implications for national security and good governance in Nigeria. International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research. 2013;2(1):1-11.

DOI:10.36758/IJPAMR

G. Ministry of Rural Development. Welcome to Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana -NRLM National Rural Livelihoods Mission; 2022.

Available:https://aajeevika.gov.in/en/content/welcome-deendayal-antyodaya-yojana-nrlm

(Accessed Sep. 13, 2022)

Katoch OR. Author’s response to comment on determinants of malnutrition among children: A systematic review. Nutrition. 2022;102:111733.

DOI:10.1016/J.NUT.2022.111733

Katoch OR. Work from Home during COVID-19: Perceptions of academic professionals in India. South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics. 2022;14 (3):11-27.

DOI:10.9734/SAJSSE/2022/V14I330381

The Leaflet. Self-help groups: Women become the change they want to see in the world - The Leaflet; 2022.

Available:https://theleaflet.in/self-help-groups-women-become-the-change-they-want-to-see-in-the-world/

(accessed Sep. 24, 2022)

Jaya S. Anand. Self-Help groups in empowering women: Case study of selected SHGs and NHGs. Discussion Paper. 2022;38:1-76.

Accessed:Sep. 19, 2002, [Online]

Available: Url: http://www.krpcds.org/

Dr. Rao NM. A study on empowerment of rural women through entrepreneurial activities. National Monthly Refereed Journal of Research in Commerce and Management. 2016;1(8):1-10.

India Study Channel. Self Help Groups (SHGs) Their History, Working and Criticism; 2022.

Available:https://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/173964-Self-Help-Groups-SHGs-Their-History-Working-and-Criticism.aspx

(accessed Sep. 19, 2022).

Mishra S, Pham L, Cavaliere L, Katoch O. Socio-Economic empowerment of women through financial literacy. Journal of Positive School Psychology. 2022;6(2): 1190-1196.

Demont T. Coping with shocks: How self-help groups impact food security and seasonal migration. World Dev. 2022; 155:105892.

DOI:10.1016/J.WORLDDEV.2022.105892

Katoch, Nawaz A. Social exclusion, caste and health status of women and children in Jammu &amp, Kashmir, India. American International Journal of Available online.

Available:http://www.iasir.net

Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences. 2018;23(1):75-79.

DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3234145

Katoch, Sharma. Socioeconomic factors, living conditions and child undernutrition among school going children in rural areas of district Doda, Jammu & Kashmir, India: A Preliminary Study. Indian J Nutr. 2016; 1-7.

Accessed:Jun. 12, 2021. [Online].

Available:https://www.opensciencepublications.com/fulltextarticles/IJN-2395-2326-3-123.html

Kappa K. Women empowerment through self help groups in Andhra Pradesh, India cite this paper women empowerment through self help groups in Andhra Pradesh, India. International Research Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;3(1): 13-16.

Accessed: Sep. 19, 2022. [Online].

Available:www.isca.me

Suresh Babu. Roots International Journal of Multidisciplinary Researches. ROOTS International Journal of Multidisciplinary Researches. 2019;5(2):29-32.

Accessed: Sep. 19, 2022. [Online].

Available:www.crrps.in

Yasodha Jagadeeswari B. Empowerment of shg women members in cuddalore district through aajeevika-nrlm scheme by mahalir thittam. International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review. 2015;2(9):16-21.

Kaur P, Kaur R. Empowering rural women through self-help groups in India. Gian Jyoti e-Journal. 2015;5(1):39-44.

Accessed: Sep. 19, 2022. [Online].

Available:http://www.gjimt.ac.in/gianjyoti-e-journal/39

Katoch OR. Determinants of malnutrition among children: A systematic review. Nutrition. 2022;96:111565.

DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111565

Kamath R, Bhat V, Rao R, Das A, Ganesh K, Kamath A. Prevalence of goiter in rural area of Belgaum District, Karnataka. Indian J Community Med. 2009;34(1):48.

DOI:10.4103/0970-0218.45373

Suri K. Role of self-help groups (SHGs) in poverty alleviation and micro-entrepreneurship of women in Bishnah block of Jammu district. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies. 2016;4(2): 103-112.

Accessed: Sep. 19, 2022. [Online].

Available:https://www.academia.edu/21497124/Role_of_Self_Help_Groups_SHGs_in_poverty_alleviation_and_micro_entrepreneurship_of_women_in_Bishnah_block_of_Jammu_district

Kumar CR, Nayak C. Women empowerment through self-help groups in odisha: A micro evidence from mayurbhanj district. Indian J Econ Dev. 2021;17(2): 350-360.

DOI:10.35716/IJED/20130.

Hazarika J, Nakunand Singkai C. Kams as a tools for rural women SHG’S economic empowerment in Dhemaji District, Assam. Journal of Positive School Psychology. 2022:2022(5):9184-9191-9184-9191.

Accessed: Oct. 04, 2022. [Online].

Available:https://journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/10170

Singh R. Women entrepreneurship issues, challenges and empowerment through self help groups: An overview of Himachal Pradesh. International Journal of Management Research and review. 2012; 2(1):77-90.

Katoch OR, Sharma A, Nawaz A. Determinants of malnutrition (Stunting) among rural farming households: Evidences from rural areas of. Asian J Res Soc Sci Humanit. 2017;7(7):166-176.

Dhekale VS. Performance of women entrepreneurship in India. International Journal of Management. (IJM, 2022;7(1): 123-131.

Accessed: Sep. 19, 2016, [Online].

Available:http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp123http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=7&IType=1JournalImpactFactor

Katoch OR. Maternal health and nutritional status of children: Evidences from India’s national family health surveys. Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences)2021;48(9):1-10.

UMEED, JKRLM UMEED; 2022.

Available:https://jkumeed.in/projects/umeed/

(accessed Sep. 23, 2022)

Gündüz-Hoşgör A, Smits J. Variation in labor market participation of married women in Turkey. Womens Stud Int Forum. 2008;31(2):104-117.

DOI:10.1016/J.WSIF.2008.03.003

Katoch OR. Job satisfaction among college teachers: A study on government colleges in Jammu. Asian Journal of Research in Social Science & Humanities. 2012;2 (4):164-180. [Online].

Available:http://www.aijsh.org

Kaur L, Garg L, Sharma P. Impact of self-help groups in enhancing farm women income environment awareness view project women empowerment through entrepreneurship view project. Indian J Econ Dev. 2017;13:769-774.

DOI:10.5958/2322-0430.2017.00047.6

Deininger K, Liu Y. Economic and social impacts of an innovative self-help group model in India. World Dev. 2013;43: 149-163.

DOI:10.1016/J.WORLDDEV.2012.09.019