South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics

The key objective of entrepreneurship education in higher institutions generally is to foster a culture amongst students with a view of not only educating them but to also support graduates towards establishing and also maintaining sustainable business ventures. To achieve the purpose of this study, the basic structures and three research objectives, questions and hypotheses were formulated. A well designed questionnaire was prepared, two hundred and sixty copies printed and distributed to respondents. Two hundred and fifty - five (255) copies (of the questionnaire) were returned, representing 98% success, while five (5) copies were destroyed for want of information and poor completion. The two hundred and fifty – five copies were used for analysis. The data were extracted from the questionnaire and arranged in tables to ease percentage analysis. Chi – square statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that entrepreneurial education is relevant to students in the institution as it equipped them with skills for post-graduation job creation ability, the students’ low attitude towards the scheme which seems to have negative effect on the utilization rate. The study recommended collaborative efforts of Government to identify other entrepreneurship programmes to address unemployment on graduation.

A new business platform is a must for companies that are disrupting new media technology, especially during the Covid 19 era. However, many incumbent companies are less able to keep up with changing business trends. Anticipate all changes in the competitive climate in the digital era in carrying out the company transformation program along with the implementation of good corporate governance values to avoid oral hazards and a greater risk of failure. The qualitative method used in this research is a case study approach. The analysis focuses on efforts to raise Medium, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) that contribute to improving the Indonesian economy. The findings show that credit, training, and mentoring programs have not been able to strengthen their position in small and medium enterprises but they are still working to increase the literacy index and financial inclusion to accelerate income distribution in Indonesia.

Tsamdro plays an essential role in providing resources for the survival of yaks, cattles and horses as these animals provide continuous support to herders in Naro, Merak and Logchina gewogs. There has been numerous change in land tenure system of ownership in tsamdro since 1960s of the ownership of tsamdro. However, in Land Act 2007; it was stated that tsamdro will be nationalized and policy will be implemented by 2017, yet the policy has not been implemented and herders still use the tsamdro as used earlier, where the owners had to obtain written permits from the Dzongkhag authorities to graze one’s livestock on one’s own grazing land by paying an annual grazing permit fee. This study aimed at determining whether tsamdro is a source of livelihood for the herders in Naro, Merak and Logchina gewogs. It was carried out in Naro, Logchina and Merak subdistricts (gewogs) of Bhutan. It employed a quantitative method by distributing questionnaire survey. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and the data was collected from a convenience sampling method of (N=75) herders through moderation analysis. The moderation analysis showed that tsamdro is a source of livelihood (land asset 571.526*** and livestock 37.670***) to herders. Further research is limited to study area and findings are likely to hold good for similar area only. Further research to find other sources of livelihood and their socio-economic impact on herders is recommended.

The study was conducted to have an overview of the existing condition of women entrepreneurs in climate vulnerable char area in line with their problems and prospects. The analysis was based on primary data collected through personal interviews spread over a period of three months in four districts namely Bogura, Sirajgong, Ghaibandha and Rangpur of Bangladesh which have a significant area of char land. A set of questionnaires were prepared to conduct the field survey. The results revealed that women entrepreneurship in char area is an important tool to improve livelihood, empowerment and economic independency of many women. Indeed, women in char areas are engaged in different types of enterprises of which some are agro-based (poultry and cattle rearing, seed business and organic fertilizer business) and some are nonfarm based (boutique house, handicrafts, grocery and tailoring). Fertile and virgin soil with isolation distance is the most common opportunity for agricultural seed business in char areas. Huge cattle population in char areas is another organic manure business in chars. Most of the cases showed that women entrepreneurs selected their enterprises with what they were familiar and started their business with own savings followed by borrowing money from parents or husband or relatives. The study clearly indicated that lack of capital; communication and transportation are still the main problem of women entrepreneurs in char area. The other major problems include absence of marketing facilities, lack of chances for skill development training and different family issues. Family conflict and negative attitude of society also important barrier to start up a business. Another common barrier faced by the women entrepreneurs is balancing time between the enterprise and the family duty or responsibilities. This study conveys the message that if the char land women are provided with appropriate training, motivation and need-based financial and related assistance, they will enter into the entrepreneurial occupation in a large number and will prove their worth to contribute to the economy of Bangladesh. Both the government organizations and private sector should contribute to promote entrepreneurship development for women in the char area of Bangladesh where a great opportunity is waiting.

Supply chain management can be viewed as an important part of a company's strategic strategy for increasing efficiency, results, and profitability. The aim of this paper is to us the fuzzy DEMATEL method to examine the impact of IT innovation on the operations of supply chain management of food industry in Nigeria. The study obtained sixteen (16) perspectives of impact of IT innovation on food industry SC management as obtain from literature and brain stormy of experts. A fuzzy Linguistic scale was developed and applies it to food manufacturing firms in Nigeria to test the level of the impact of IT innovation on supply chain management. The questionnaire designed for pairwise comparison to evaluate the influence of each score, where scores of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 represent: (no influence), (Very low influence), (low influence), (high influence) and (very high influence), respectively. Twelve experts were asked to complete the questionnaire comprises of 6 general managers, 6 Supply Chain managers all of food industry. Then the Fuzzy DEMATEL method was applied to analyze the importance of criteria and the casual relations among the criteria constructed. The result showed that the advanced planning system had the most impact and the strongest link to other criteria. As a result, APS is a key rationale and key criteria that influence other criteria and driving factors to solve problems.